本周，正如俄罗斯正式入侵乌克兰，我想到了Sitka的战役，另一个军事行动俄罗斯对较小的自治股，在这种情况下，凯斯岛，土着美国泰兴人民的宗族。我了解了Vanessa Veselka's Fassay的战斗“年轻的树苗堡垒，“发表了哪个Atavist.2014年（我推荐印刷的版本爱和毁灭选)。基克。adi和俄国人班im that they won the battle. Veselka’s essay investigates the problems this battle raises regarding historicization, the interpretation of events, and national identity formation. (She also questions whether a crucial Tlingit tactic of the Battle of Sitka influenced General Mikhail Kutuzov’s withdrawal from Moscow during the War of 1812, a series of events Tolstoy dramatized inWar and Peace。)

俄罗斯人在1740年代开始殖民阿拉斯加。随着他们扩展他们的帝国，他们闯入Sitka，Kiks.ádi祖先的土地。1802年，Tlingit，曾经抗拒的俄罗斯势力，发起了攻击，以吸引入侵者，在此过程中宣称俄罗斯堡垒。“K'alyaán，”Veselka Refounts，“一个伟大的凯克斯，令人震惊的爆炸，杀死一个铁匠并拿走他的锤子。”两年后，俄罗斯人返回Sitka并击杀了Kiks.ádi，包括K'alyaán和他的锤子。Tlingit建造了Shis'gi Noow, which translates to “the fort of young saplings,” to ward off the Russians, but ultimately retreated from the fort. Veselka writes:

On the first day of combat, the Russians were soundly defeated … For the next four days, the Tlingit fort was bombarded from the sea by theNeva因为散发出来来回走了。双方都抬起了白色旗帜，有时同时举起。在第六天结束时，俄罗斯人在堡垒中，Tlingit在森林里。在这些事实上，每个人都同意。

但我越多了解了战斗，那么令人震惊的俄罗斯胜利的主张似乎。俄罗斯贸易职位的涌入之后，这场战斗并非随之而来。如其他部落，Tlingit没有成为奴隶。虽然Kiks.ádi放弃了他们的立场，但他们并没有完全逃离，而是制作一个有组织的撤退，覆盖着他们的人用后卫，占据海峡的新职位。从那里开始，他们推出了一个有效的贸易禁运，以切断俄罗斯的毛皮的运输。次年另一个俄罗斯贸易职位落到了雅库特的Tlingit，被永久遗弃了。

回顾性逻辑似乎是自今天的kiks.ádi不要跑美国，他们必须在1804年失去俄罗斯人。本土胜利是无关紧要的。原生失败是最终的。俄罗斯人不可避免地占上风，如果不是，无论如何都没有重要。Sitka的战斗，失落的帖子，海峡上的禁运 - 这些都是细节。

根据Niall Barr，欧洲军事历史专家，武术胜利通常被理解为一个相当简单的事情：无论谁在一天结束时都会丢失。但Veselka奇迹：“那堡有多大？那天有多长？“

Like many smart interrogations into history, “The Fort of Young Saplings” is a great detective story, though it subverts any of that genre’s narrative formulas and traditional notions of closure. Like Saidiya Hartman, Veselka interrogates the holes in historical archives, looking beyond facts and figures to both excavate and extrapolate the narratives excluded from canonized accounts. The essay reminds me that the disregard Russia has for the autonomy of the smaller countries it neighbors, including Ukraine and its Crimean peninsula, which Russia illegally annexed in 2014, is part of an ongoing process of colonization that began centuries ago and has never really ended. It’s obvious, but bears repeating: imperialist superpowers, including Russia and the United States, usually begin their dominion by attacking Indigenous nations.

随着今年的俄罗斯乌克兰冲突的担忧，解释的战争已经开始。本周早些时候，普京发表演讲distorting Ukrainian history: “Modern Ukraine was entirely and fully created by Russia, more specifically the Bolshevik, communist Russia,” he said, echoing a five-thousand word essay he published on the subject last summer. Now, news outlets报告总统Volodymyr Zelensky禁止乌克兰男性从离开该国18岁到六十岁，建议征兵即将来临。乌克兰自己的神话也开始了。已经存在民间传说蔓延“Kyiv的幽灵，”a Ukrainian fighter pilot who is supposed to have taken out six Russian war pilots during dogfights. Social media users uploaded video of what appears to be a MiG-29 jet soaring through the skies over several Ukraine sites. Although their origins and contexts are very different, I wonder if this—likely apocryphal—“Ghost of Kyiv” might function like the very real K’alyaán did for the Kiks.ádi, as an anti-imperialist national hero. Do Ukraine’s landlocked men really believe in him, or does he represent what they can’t do: move freely? What’s old is new again. As in 1804, Russian oligarchs may not totally get their way; embargoes and sanctions are in play. The roadways are clogged, as Ukrainians flee attacks from land, sea, and air; another retreat is underway. Kyiv is at serious risk of being seized. Inspired by Veselka’s incisive questions about the Battle of Sitka — “How big is that fort? And how long is that day?” — I pose other inquiries about Russia’s invasion of Ukraine: When does the day begin? And how far do the boundaries of the fort extend to brains, and from brains, into forms of storytelling?—Niela Orr

我正在阅读中间狄拉达时间：j Dilla的生活和来世，重新发明的节奏的嘻哈制片人由丹查尔纳斯，我读过的最具非凡的音乐书籍之一。它是天才嘻哈制片人J Dilla的传记，在2006年死亡，之后，当书本令人信服地辩称，改变音乐听众听到节奏的方式。Dilla弄清楚如何用种类的瑕疵和快乐事故灌输抽样的节拍，使人类扮演的音乐如此精彩。这本书也是一个彻底的，尽管简洁而高度可读，但在美国音乐中的节奏本身的历史，追踪了欧洲古典音乐的旅程通过ragtime，蓝调，爵士乐，恐惧，摇滚和嘻哈，解释，有时使用有用的图表和图表，我们如何听到时间。如果您关心音乐并希望更深入地体验它，即使您不是嘻哈粉丝，这本书也充满了启示。—Craig Morgan Teicher